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ltable.c contains the following (5,1 beta, line 39):
/* ** max size of array part is 2^MAXBITS */ #if LUAI_BITSINT > 26 #define MAXBITS 26 #else #define MAXBITS (LUAI_BITSINT-2) #endif #define MAXASIZE (1 << MAXBITS)
This would appear to restrict the array part of a table to 64 million elements even on ILP64 architectures.
Clearly this does not affect the functionality of large tables; the extra elements would transparently be stored in the hash part (more or less transparently, anyway) but it seems like it would impose a hefty memory penalty in such cases.
On the other hand, if the Lua instance were compiled with lua_Number as a (single-precision) float, then the array part could grow to a larger size than could be represented as an integral lua_Number, which seems like it ought to trigger an error of some sort.
So why 26?