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In Lua 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3, the reference manual included pseudocode
trying to explain the semantics of for loops:
https://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#2.4.5
https://www.lua.org/manual/5.2/manual.html#3.3.5
https://www.lua.org/manual/5.3/manual.html#3.3.5

As you can see, changing the declared loop control variable v does not
affect the actual control variable var, which is an ordinary local
variable that is hidden. Check out also the bytecode listing for say
`for i=1,10 do print(i) end`.