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Sometimes I need to share a variable among
submodules inside the same package.
Surely, if you arrange your packages so that instead of a bunch of 
submodules at the same level in the "package tree," there is one master 
module with the submodules below that, then you can require the master 
module first in order to define your package-specific variables, before 
requiring the various submodules.
For example (assuming you have './?/init.lua' in your package.path along 
with the more traditional './?.lua'):
  fruit/init.lua
  fruit/banana.lua
  fruit/mango.lua

Then in your main program you:

  require "fruit"

and in fruit/init.lua you:

  module(...)

  greengrocer = true  -- package-visible variables

  require "fruit.banana"
  require "fruit.mango"

Inside the submodules you can do something like:

  local shared = package.loaded[(...):match("%w*")]

just before you do your:

  module(...)

and then your package-only variables will be available in the submodules as:
 shared.greengrocer

etc.